Rabbit Health Guide: Common Illnesses Every Owner Should Know

 


Rabbits may look delicate and fragile, but with the right care, they can live long and happy lives. However, their health requires close attention because rabbits are masters at hiding pain or illness. In the wild, showing weakness makes them easy prey, and this instinct carries over to pet rabbits. By the time symptoms are obvious, a condition may already be serious.

That’s why every rabbit owner should know the warning signs of common illnesses, when to seek veterinary care, and how to keep their bunny in good health. This guide will help you understand rabbit health better and catch problems early before they become life-threatening.

Why Rabbit Health Awareness Is Crucial

Unlike cats or dogs, rabbits can deteriorate quickly if something is wrong. Their digestive systems, teeth, and respiratory health are all sensitive. Even missing a meal for 12–24 hours can put them at risk. By staying informed and observant, you can step in at the right time and save your rabbit’s life.

As one veterinarian put it: “With rabbits, a day can make the difference between a simple problem and a serious emergency.”

Common Health Issues in Rabbits

1. Gastrointestinal Stasis (GI Stasis)

This is one of the most serious conditions rabbits face. GI stasis occurs when the digestive system slows down or stops completely. Causes include lack of fiber, stress, dehydration, or underlying illness.

Symptoms:

  • Little or no appetite

  • Small, hard, or no droppings

  • Lethargy

  • Grinding teeth (a sign of pain)

What to do: GI stasis is an emergency. If your rabbit isn’t eating or pooping for 12 hours, see a vet immediately.

2. Dental Problems

Rabbit teeth grow continuously. Without enough hay to grind them down, teeth can overgrow and cause pain.

Symptoms:

  • Drooling or wet chin

  • Difficulty eating

  • Weight loss

  • Eye or nasal discharge (from tooth root issues)

Prevention: Provide unlimited hay and schedule regular dental checks with a rabbit-savvy vet.

3. Respiratory Infections (“Snuffles”)

Respiratory issues in rabbits are often caused by bacteria such as Pasteurella multocida.

Symptoms:

  • Sneezing

  • Runny nose or eyes

  • Labored breathing

  • Reduced appetite

Treatment: Requires antibiotics prescribed by a vet. Never ignore respiratory problems—they can worsen quickly.

4. Ear Mites and Infections

Ear problems are common in rabbits, especially those with lop ears.

Symptoms:

  • Head shaking

  • Scratching ears

  • Thick crusts inside ears

  • Tilting head

Treatment: A vet can prescribe medication. Regular ear checks help prevent severe infections.

5. Flystrike (Myiasis)

One of the most dangerous conditions, flystrike occurs when flies lay eggs on dirty fur or wounds, and maggots begin to feed on the rabbit’s flesh.

Symptoms:

  • Restlessness or hiding

  • Bad smell from fur

  • Visible maggots or eggs

Prevention: Keep your rabbit clean and check their bottoms daily, especially in summer. This is a medical emergency requiring immediate vet care.

6. Parasites (Worms, E. Cuniculi)

Rabbits can get parasites that affect their digestion or nervous system. E. cuniculi is a parasite that may cause head tilts, tremors, or even paralysis.

Prevention: Routine health checks, good hygiene, and deworming (when advised by a vet).

7. Obesity and Mobility Issues

Too many pellets and treats, combined with lack of exercise, can make rabbits overweight. Obesity can lead to arthritis, sore hocks, and reduced lifespan.

Prevention:

  • Feed a hay-based diet

  • Limit pellets and treats

  • Provide daily exercise time

8. Reproductive Cancers

Unspayed female rabbits have a high risk (up to 80%) of developing uterine cancer. Spaying greatly reduces this risk. Neutering males also prevents testicular cancer and helps reduce aggression.

Signs Your Rabbit May Be Sick

Because rabbits hide pain, subtle signs often indicate something is wrong. Watch for:

  • Change in eating or drinking habits

  • Unusual droppings (too small, soft, or missing)

  • Lethargy or hiding

  • Aggression or sudden behavior changes

  • Drooling or wet fur around the mouth

  • Runny eyes or nose

  • Head tilts or loss of balance

If you notice any of these, contact a rabbit-savvy veterinarian immediately.

Preventive Rabbit Health Care

Regular Vet Visits

Schedule at least one check-up per year, more if your rabbit is older. Find an exotics vet with rabbit experience—many general vets aren’t trained in rabbit medicine.

Vaccinations

In some countries, rabbits require vaccines for diseases like Myxomatosis and Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease (RHD). Check what’s needed in your region.

Proper Diet

As mentioned in earlier guides, unlimited hay is the cornerstone of good health. Diet directly impacts teeth, digestion, and energy levels.

Clean Living Environment

Regularly clean litter boxes, remove soiled bedding, and ensure fresh air circulation. A clean space prevents infections and parasites.

Grooming

Regular brushing reduces the risk of hairballs, especially in long-haired breeds. Trim nails every few weeks to avoid overgrowth.

Emergency Care Tips

  • Always have the number of a rabbit-savvy vet on hand.

  • Keep a basic rabbit first-aid kit (syringe for water, critical care food, nail clippers, antiseptic solution).

  • Never give over-the-counter medications meant for humans or cats/dogs—many are toxic to rabbits.

  • Act fast. Waiting too long can make even small issues deadly.

Final Thoughts

Rabbits are sensitive pets, but with knowledge and preventive care, you can keep them healthy for many years. The key is vigilance: watch for subtle changes, provide a balanced diet, maintain a clean environment, and schedule regular vet visits.

When cared for properly, rabbits can live 8–12 years or more, bringing joy, companionship, and endless moments of cuteness into your life.

For more detailed guides on rabbit health, care tips, and pet advice, thepetsmagazine is the best place to find content related to pets. It’s a trusted resource for pet owners who want nothing but the best for their furry companions.

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